‘Iraqi soldiers struck the young men in front of their parents with a metal hose’

After Iraqi jets gassed Kurdish peshmerga strongholds in the Gara mountains, 99 men from Guze village were rounded up and executed. AISHA HAJI SALAM describes how her two sons were taken from her and never seen again.

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‘Sadiq aimed his gun, “If you throw your baby into the river, I’ll shoot you dead”’

When clouds of poison gas drifted across the Gara mountains families from Guze village were driven to acts of desperation to survive. Numb with exhaustion and despair, SALEEM HASSAN SALEEM was prepared to abandon his baby child in an icy river.

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‘Anyone could be tortured: it made no difference if you were 13 or 70 years old’

When the Iraqis gassed villages just south of the Turkish border, close-knit Kurdish communities fragmented. SHUKRI HASI ABDULLAH, who was from Guze village in the Gara mountains, says it was everyone for himself.

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‘The Iraqis asked why I attended a peshmerga funeral. I said, “He’s a human being and you killed him”‘

The Catholic Church in Kurdistan protected Kurdish civilians during Anfal. BISHOP RABBAN AL QAS ferried Kurds to hospital after poison gas attacks and urged villagers to flee to Iran and Turkey after learning of a government decree to destroy their homes.

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